Hydroaeroplane.



L. P. PEREW.

HYDROAEROPLANE.

APPLICATION F lLED JAN.2I. 1916.

Patented Jan. 16, 1917.

IN VE N TOR laws/906K410 4 SHEETS-SHEE WITNESSES ,4 TTOR/VEVS L. P. PEREW.

HYDROAEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-21. 1916.

Patented Jan. 16, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- i WITNESSES A TTOR/VEYS L. P. PEREW.

HYDROAEROPLANE.

APPLICATION man JAN.2I. Isle.

1,21 3,000. Patented Jan. 16,1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES INVENTOR A TTORA/EYS .LoUrs PnILfP rimnw, ornonmmoNAwmnA, NEw Y omt.

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To all whom it mag/concern} Be it known that I, Louis PHILIP PEREW,

a citizen of the United States. and a resi-' dent of North Tonawanda, in the county of Niagara and State of New York. have invented a new and Improved Hydroaeroplane. of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. p While certain features of my invention may be embodied in aeroplanes generally, the invention, in its entirety, is more particus larly intended for embodiment in hydroaeroplanes.

An object of my invention is to provide a flying machine so constructed that a balancing and stabilizing thereof may be effected without the employmentof stabilizing elements additional to the main planes; the stated object is effected by a transverse shifting of the planes and their frame structure, to displace the mass represented thereby, and variously dispose the same relatively to the mass of the main body of the machine and variously position, relatively to the longitudinal center of the machine. the total surface presented by said planes and frame structure. v

A further object of the invention is to control the ascent and descent of the machine through the medium of elements displaceable in a fore and aft direction to vary the center of gravity as required. tothereby vary the angle of the planes with respect to the direction of travel and maintain the balance under the resistance of the planes at a given angle; and said object is attained by a displaceable structure at the center of the machine, including a steering rudder, the mass of which is thus utilized in controlling ascent and descent, in addition to the "usual function of the rudder in controlling the lateral direction of the machine, the rudder in practice furthermore having a boat form to'materially contribute to thetotal buoyancy and to balance or trim the machine when in the water, as well as to constitute a means for steering the machine on land. Further objects of the invention will be apparent from 'the particularv description following. a

Reference'is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

1 is a plan view of a flying machine Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jani 112 Ap ication filed January 21, 1916; Serial No. 73,324. 1 I I embodying my invention; Fig. 2 elevation. partly in section as indicated'by the line 22, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitll'dinnl vertical section on the line 3-3, Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectionrepresenting one of the boat structures forming part of the machine; Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic plan I view showing the planes moved tothe right of the central position: Fig. 6 isa similar view showing the planes moved to the. left of the central position; Fig. 7 is a plan view showing one position of the longitudinall displaceable structure including the rudder; Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. ifshowin turein position forward of thatindicated in F 1g. 7

In constructing a practical embodin'ient of my invention. having 111 view the use of the flying niachlne as a hydro-aeroplane, 1 prothe said longituchnally dlsplaceable strum boat-like structures 10. hereinafter desig nated as boats. The boats 10 are rigidlyconnected to suitable frame work, designated generally by the numeral. 11, the said boats and frame work constituting the body of the machine.

Transversely of the body. are parallel guide-ways 1'2, presenting at the upper sides thereof. grooves undercut at opposite sides. In said guides 12, slides 13 have guided movement. the slides being of shape in cross section and being in rigid relation to the transversely disposed frame 1% carrying suitable planes. All of the planes, as here shown, are rigidathe rigidity of the planes being possible owing to the provision for stabilizing and balancing of the machine, in accordance with my invention,' without warping or otherwise manipulating the planes, and without the employment of a separate stabilizer. The planes include" a top plane 15, a bottom plane16, and an intermediate plane which is formed in two side sections 17, therebeing an opening beinverted T- tween the sections at the center of the ma I chine to permit movements ofanoprator;

The machine is propelled by any suitable propeller 18, the shaft 19 of which is suitably journaled in the plane frame '14 and driven by any suitable motor (not shown),

the motor, in practice, being mounted on a means, as hereinafter described, for shifting the structure 14 and the planes carried thereby, transversely of the machine, either to the right or to the left, for balancing and stabilizing the machine bydisplacing the mass represented by the planes and their frame, with respect to the relatively fixed mass, and by variously disposing, relatively to the longitudinal center of the machine, the front surface presented by said frame and planes.

The rudder 21 in my improved machine has a boat form to contribute to the buoyancy of the machine when in the water. Said rudder turns on a vertical pin 22, extending through a transverse member of a structure 23, which is slidable on the machine in a fore and aft direction to displace said structure 23 and rudder 21 and variously dispose the mass thereof relatively to the mass represented by the remainder of the machine, whereby to balance the machine with the-planes disposed at an angle for ascent or descent. The frame 23 moves in guides 24, forming part of the frame 11, at the opposed sides of the boats 10, as best seen in Fig. 2. The means for shifting the structure 23 will be described presently.

T 0 turn the rudder 21 on its pivot 22 for steering the machine, a rope, chain, or like flexible element 25, connects at its ends with the rudder head. yoke. or the like, at 21, and extends over suitable guides 25 on the frame 23 to the forward end of the latter, where it is given one or more turns about a capstan or vertical drum 30. The drum 30 may be turned by a lever, steering wheel, or other suitable means; for the purpose of illustration a steering wheel 26 is shown on a steering shaft 27, which is provided with a bevel pinion 28 that meshes with a similar pinion 29 on the shaft of the drum 30.

To shift the frame 23 forward and back, in the construction illustrated, a vertical lever 31 is pivotally hung on the structure 14 or one of the planes carried thereby, and connected by a forwardly extending link 31 (Fig. 1) with a reciprocating rack 32, said rack meshing with a pinion 33. In fixed relation to the pinion 33 is a gear wheel 34. which meshes with a fixed longitudinally ranging rack 35 on the frame 11 at the front of the latter. Thus, by throwing the lever 31 forward or back. the gear wheel 34 will be caused to travel along the fixed rack 35 and carry the frame 23 and rudder 21 in a fore and aft direction to variously position the same relatively to the remainder of the machine, as, for example, to the positions indicated diagrammatically in Figs. 7 and 8.

The illustrated means for shifting the structure 14 and the planes laterally to the right or to the left, in the illustrated example. includes a shifting lever 36, shown fully infFigs. 2 and 3. It is to be understood that wardly therefrom in two strands, through suitable guides 41 on the frame 23, from which guides the rope extends laterally as clearly indicated in Figs; 1, 5 and 6, to and through suitable guides 42 on bars 43 of the frame 14 (see Figs. 1 and 2), from which guides 42, the rope ends 40 are returned on themselves and made fast as at 44, in any suitable manner on the structure 23, Thus, by throwing the lever 36 forward or back,

' the drum 39 will be turned to cause the rope 40 to shift the planes to the right or to the left, as, for instance, from the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, to a position such as shown in Fig. 5, or that shown in Fig. 6. The levels, 31, 36, may have suitable handles 45 as indicated in Fig. 1, one of said handles being shown in full in Figs. 2 and 3. The shifting of the planes bodily to the right or to the left, it will be obvious, will serve to balance the machine laterally and stabilize the same merely by displacing the mass of the planes and their frame structure relatively to the mass represented by the body of the machine and the structure 23 and rudder 21, and at the same time variously disposing the front surface, presented by the said planes and their frame structure, laterally of the machine.

The numeral 46 represents a transverse strip forming a forward guide for the ropes, 25, 40, which pass through a suitable arrangement of holes in said strip, there being a. guide strip 47 on the frame 23 near the rudder 21, through which the rope 25 passes.

The body boats10 are provided with running wheels 48, and the rudder boat 21, with a similar running wheel 49. Each'boat is formed centrally with a well 50, the walls of the well serving to mount the respective wheels 48, 49. The said wells present vertical openings at the median line of the boats and each boat is formed at the keel with a longitudinal groove 51 which communidates with the opening formed by the well of each boat. In the decks of the boats,

suitable openings are formed, as indicated for example at 52, in Figs. 2 and 3. The arrangement is such that air will pass downviardly throu h the openings 52 and the wells 50 and a ong the keel grooves 51, and act to assist the boats leaving the water in rising. As seen in Fig. 3, the rear wall 53 tion between said body sections, and a rudspaced body sections rigidly connected, :1

structure slidable in a fore and aft direcder carried by said slidable structure.

:2. A machine of the class described ineluding two buoyant boat-like body sections spaced apart. and disposed" parallel with each other at opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the machine, a frame supported on said body sections and provided with aplane, means to shift saidframe and plane transversely, a structure slidable in a fore and aft direction between said buoyant body sections, anda buoyant boat-like rudder carried by said slidable structure at the rear end of the latter.

3. A machine of the class described including a buoyant body, planes supported on the body, a st-ructureslidable on the body in a fore and aft direction, and a boat-like rudder carried by said slidable structure.

t. A' machine of the class described including a body, 'a frame transversely slidable on the body, said frame having a plane thereon and movable bodily therewith, a structure slidable in a fore and aft direction on said body beneath the said slidable frame. a rudder carried by said structure, a flexible elementconnected with said rudder and extending therefrom forwardly to the front of said slidable structure, means on the forward end of the slidable structure for actuating said flexible element, and means for laterally moving the transverse sliding frame and the plane, said last-mentioned means including a drum on the said slidable structure, means for turning-said drum, a flexible elementwound on said drum and extending rearwardly therefrom in the form of a double strand, guide means on the said slidable structure with which said last-mentioned flexible element has running engagement. the said strands of said element extending laterally in opposite directions and having running engagement with the transversely sliding frame at opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the machine, the strands being returned on themselves and made fast to the said slidable structure,

5. A machine of the class described including separated buoyant body sections, a plane supported on said body sections, a buoyant body-like rudder in the rear of the said body sections, ground wheels on-the buoyant body sections, and a steering ground wheel on the buoyant rudder.

6. A machine of the clas described ineluding a body, a frame transversely slidable on the body, said frame having a plane thereon and movable bodily therewith, and means for laterally moving the transverse sliding frame and the plane, said last-mentioned means including a drum on the said slidable structure, means for turning said drum. a flexible element wound on said drum and extending rearwardly therefrom in the form -ofa double strand, guide means on the said slidable structure with which said flexible element has running engagement, the said strands of said element extending laterallyin opposite directions and having running engagement with the transversely sliding frame at opposite sides of the longi tudinal center of the machine, the strands being returned on themselves and made fast to the said slidable structure.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name t this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY J, McAvor, Mm'xuva Wm; 

